Construction – Building

Building Construction Process Start To Finish

Following are the Steps Involved in Building Construction Process from Start to Finish

Pre-Construction Steps (Phase – I)

1. To Acquire Land or Plot

It is the most important step in building construction. Search for the location for the building which is best suited for building construction purposes. Be careful while selecting land which has all the desired facilities available nearby and should be free from all land-related issues.

It is suggested that do prior data collection before buying land or plot either by doing research online or seeking help from real estate agents or concerned persons regarding the effective cost of the same.

2. To Seek Technical Help

After selecting proper land for building, take the help of a professional architect to create building designs and take his/her advice. An architect prepare plan as per building requirement, number of flats, shops based on your requirements and budget.

Then after architect consult with a structural engineer for details of the reinforcements to be used, how deep your foundation will be, the size of gravel to be used, pillar width, etc.

3.Preparing Estimate and Budget

Building construction involves a huge amount of material and budget. After, planning and structural detailing have been completed these details are transferred to the building estimator. The building estimator will estimate the material quantity, quantity of different items of work, and prepare an abstract sheet that shows the cost of building construction.

If financial resources are limited, we need to seek pre-approval for loans in advance, or else you may end up in a cash crunch situation.

4. Permission from Authorities

This is important work to do after the project is ready to be executed. For that, we have to take permission from the local municipal body before you could go for the construction.

Following are the list of document project required before applying for permission. This document may differ from state to state, but some are essential for every building construction work.

a) Land survey: Survey of the land has to be carried out with the help of authorized land surveyor

b) Soil test report of the land.

c) Land documents.

d) Architecture/ elevation/ sectional drawings.

e) Structural report.

f) Architect Certificate of undertaking on Record and Certificate of the undertaking of Civil Engineer on Record

5. Approach a Builder

A builder or contractor for construction must be chosen carefully because it is a major factor for securing building construction quality and timely construction of work. Pre investigation must be done about the builder before handing in work. In the contract document, all the work-related details must be clearly stated.

The contract document should cover layout and work details along with the payment methods, time scales, and costs. The condition of the contract should be thoroughly checked before signing a final deal.

Building Construction Step (Phase – II)

1. Site Preparation or Leveling

The construction site must be cleaned before the work is executed. This work involves the removal of roots of trees, debris, and leveling ground area.

2. Excavation and PCC

The foundation of the building ground is excavated with the help of excavating machines as per the building dimension specified in the drawings. In this foundation trench, a layer of PCC (Plain cement concrete) is laid in the dug portion before placing the reinforcements for the foundation.

3. Foundation

The building is supported on the foundation is the lowermost part of the building that is in contact with the soil. A building is load transferred from the superstructure to the soil and needs to be extremely strong to handle the load.

After the PCC work foundation reinforcement work is started. The foundation bottom level must check before concreting it. The remaining space between the foundation is filled with earth.

4. Plinth Beam and Slab

After the foundation work is done ground beam formwork preparation is started and poured with concrete. Over the plinth beam, masonry work is started. And space between foundation and plinth beam filled with soil.

5. Superstructure – Column

The superstructure is the portion above the plinth level of the building. The main component of the superstructure is a column and beam. The columns are built up to slab level and the frame for further construction is prepared.

6. Brick Masonry Work

As column and beam framework completed masonry work is started with different materials such as bricks, concrete blocks, fly ash bricks, etc. according to building drawing. Masonry work is done using a cement mortar mix. It is a mixture of cement & sand. During this carefully and as per drawing gaps are laid for doors and windows during the masonry work.

7. The Lintel Over Door Window Gaps

The lintel is constructed on the door and window to support the masonry work over it. After this further masonry work is done

8. Floor Slab or Roof Structure

Then the formwork is started to construct slab resting on the column and beam. Over slab formwork, slab reinforcement is placed as per slab detailed drawing.

9. Door Window Framing and Fixations

After that door window frames are fixed at their specified position given in the drawing.

10. Electrical and Plumbing

As we know that buildings are constructed with a clean finish in which electrical and plumbing work is not visible. They are installed in the walls and slabs such that they are concealed and not visible after the finishing work is done. The point and pipe ends are left out such that later they can be finished with the electric fitting and plumbing fixtures.

11. Exterior Finishing

Once this work is completed, external plastering and finishing work is started. Waterproofing is also done to prevent rising dampness in the wall. External cladding can also be done to enhance the elevation of the house.

12. Terrace and Roof Finishing

On top of the slab, waterproofing is done to prevent any leakage in the slab. Generally, terrazzo tiling is done to prevent the slab from a weathering effect.

13. Internal Finishing

Internal walls are plaster with a smooth finish and flooring is done with tiles. Later on, the walls are painted or textured.

14. Woodwork and Fixture Fittings

By following the above step, almost all construction work is completed, and then after furniture work is started. Side by side, electrical fitting, switchboard, and plumbing fittings are complete in the bathrooms and kitchen areas too.

15. Waterproofing

Waterproofing is a method that prevents water from penetrating your house. Waterproofing is very important as it helps keep your house dry. It helps reduce humidity inside the house and thereby protects things inside your house from damage caused due to humidity or water exposure

16. Painting Work

The most important purpose of house painting is to give our house a long life and adding colours on it is to give our house a beautiful makeover. The painting work not only add colours to house walls but to protect their house from all stain and dirt and give their house a long life, however, walls have a way of finding some stain.

There are various paint qualities which can be used to protect our house for a long time from stain, mud, sunlight, rain, dirt etc. from basic paint to high-quality paint which can give our house 5 to 10 years of extra life and amazing look for exterior and interior as well.